The U.S. has suggested an infrastructure deal to encourage peace between the DRC and Rwanda, centering on an expansion of the Lobito railway. However, Rwanda has distanced itself from negotiations, complicating efforts to stabilize eastern DRC, which is beset by the M23 rebel group. Concerns are also raised about heavy-handed government responses in other regional conflicts, emphasizing the need for balanced diplomatic solutions across East Africa.
The United States has proposed an infrastructure incentive aimed at fostering peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, although Rwanda has reportedly retreated from negotiations. Molly Phee, the outgoing Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, indicated that the U.S. suggested expanding the Lobito railway project, designed to enhance mineral transport from southern DRC and Zambia to Angola’s coast. This initiative was contingent upon achieving stability in eastern DRC.
Phee stated, “We had proposed to both sides that if we could get to stabilization in eastern DRC, we could work on developing a spur from the Lobito Corridor up through eastern DRC.” Unfortunately, Rwanda’s disengagement appears to hinder these efforts, with Phee noting that a genuine framework had been established and that Rwanda is now distancing itself from the discussions.
The situation is exacerbated by the ongoing conflict spurred by Rwandan-backed rebels, the March 23 (M23) Movement, which has taken control of significant areas in eastern DRC, leading to humanitarian crises. Rwandan President Paul Kagame has called for the dismantling of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) but denies direct military involvement. Kinshasa, the capital of DRC, has accused Rwanda of exploiting mineral resources during the conflict.
Phee elaborated on the U.S. proposal, suggesting that it included a commitment from the DRC government to act against the FDLR, a move that Kinshasa has not yet undertaken. “They did not take that action,” she remarked. Despite some hope for resolution, Kagame’s absence from important summits and the advancing M23 lines have complicated the diplomatic landscape.
In addition to DRC’s challenges, Phee addressed other regional conflicts, notably the two-year war in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, which claimed many lives and ended with a ceasefire in 2022. However, she expressed concern regarding the heavy-handed response of Ethiopian security forces in ongoing conflicts, raising alarms over civilian casualties and human rights violations. The Biden administration halted trade privileges with Ethiopia, highlighting the need for improvements in the nation’s conduct.
The U.S. has also faced setbacks in Niger following a military coup and shifting alliances with Russia. Phee’s remarks about Niger’s dealings with uranium were diplomatically sensitive, wherein she framed her stance as constructive, stating that the U.S. would support Niger in finding reputable buyers for its uranium, emphasizing their right to benefit from their resources.
Overall, Phee’s reflections provide a sobering assessment of U.S. relations in Eastern Africa and suggest a need for renewed efforts towards peace and cooperation in the region.
The geopolitical dynamics in East Africa have intensified due to historical grievances and ongoing conflicts. The U.S. has been involved in diplomatic efforts to stabilize the DRC and foster peace with Rwanda, particularly through infrastructure projects like the Lobito railway. These discussions are set against the backdrop of armed group activities in the region, particularly by the M23 rebels, and the broader implications of international relations on local stability, especially with countries like Ethiopia and Niger experiencing significant governance challenges.
In conclusion, the U.S. initiative to stabilize the DRC and seek peace with Rwanda through infrastructure investment highlights the complexities of East African geopolitics. While there are positive proposals on the table, Rwanda’s withdrawal from negotiations and the internal conflicts in both DRC and Ethiopia raise significant challenges. The ongoing military developments in Niger further complicate the diplomatic landscape, necessitating continued dialogue and support from international actors.
Original Source: www.france24.com
