Brazil’s National Nuclear Commission Advances Innovative Microreactor Project

Brazil’s National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) is advancing a microreactor project aimed at reducing diesel dependence for energy in small communities. The project, approved by Finep, involves IPEN and IEN specializing in technology development and nuclear engineering. It aims to create a viable, scalable energy source while collaborating with several universities and institutions.

Brazil’s National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) is promoting the development of microreactors to help decrease reliance on diesel generators for energy supply in small cities, hospitals, factories, and remote areas. This initiative will be pursued through two of CNEN’s technical-scientific units: the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) in Sao Paulo and the Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN) in Rio de Janeiro.

The project has received approval from the Financier of Studies & Projects (Finep). Within this framework, IPEN will focus on researching and developing basic materials for the microreactor, while IEN will oversee the assembly of a subcritical unit—a scaled-down model of a nuclear reactor without a self-sustaining chain reaction.

IPEN’s responsibilities include developing materials for the microreactor, such as beryllium oxide and graphite for the moderator, and boron carbide for the control rods. The institute aims to establish a domestic supply chain for these materials, and may also play a role in nuclear fuel development, particularly larger diameter uranium dioxide (UO2).

Jesualdo Luiz Rossi, a researcher at IPEN, emphasized that the project will examine various moderators, revitalizing research areas previously explored. He noted, “IPEN’s involvement with beryllium dates back to the 1960s and 1970s… This technical knowledge has been lost over time.” The institute plans to create a new laboratory for the safe handling of toxic materials to facilitate the project’s objectives.

IEN will build on research that began in the 1970s by continuing to develop the subcritical unit. Francisco Jose de Oliveira Ferreira, head of IEN’s Nuclear Engineering Division, stated, “We already have several studies in this area, in addition to most of the equipment and components necessary for assembly of the unit.” This phase will involve testing neutron behavior in the reactor and validating theoretical calculations through practical experimentation.

The project, titled “Development and Testing of Critical Technologies Applicable to Nuclear Microreactors,” is part of Finep’s More Innovation program and has a budget of BRL 50 million ($8.8 million), with BRL 30 million sourced from Finep. The initiative is led by Diamante Geração de Energia, INB, and Terminus Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Energia, with participation from several Brazilian scientific institutions.

Collaborating entities include various federal universities and organizations, including the Federal University of ABC, Federal University of Santa Catarina, and the Nuclear Development Directorate of the Brazilian Navy. The project will last three years and aims to validate the practical feasibility of a low-power nuclear microreactor system, capable of generating approximately 3 MWe and designed for remote operation or monitoring over ten years without refueling.

CNEN highlighted the distinction between their project and international efforts by stating that their approach focuses on developing a wholly national solution based on local scientific research. Professor Joao Moreira from UFABC noted, “We are developing something original, based on our technical and industrial competence.” Project coordinator Adolfo Braid affirmed IPEN’s crucial role, emphasizing its historical role in nuclear collaboration.

The manufacturing of critical components such as the core, reflector, control rods, and a passive heat transfer system will be integral to the project, ensuring operational safety and efficiency. The heat pipes necessary for thermal stabilization will require innovative engineering solutions. The project is currently at technology readiness level (TRL) 3, focusing on mathematical modeling and initial studies.

The goal is to reach TRL 6, demonstrating the technology within a relevant environment. To facilitate this progress, four Technology Development Units will be established for crucial testing, while a microreactor control and protection system will ensure further advancements. CNEN recognizes the complexity of coordinating multiple universities and research institutions, and plans to implement management software for real-time activity updates and optimal planning.

The advancement of Brazil’s microreactor project represents a significant initiative aimed at enhancing energy independence and sustainability. With CNEN leading efforts through IPEN and IEN, the project is set to innovate domestic nuclear technology while ensuring safety and operational efficiency. Collaborative efforts with key universities and institutions underline the project’s commitment to developing indigenous solutions tailored to meet local energy needs effectively.

Original Source: www.neimagazine.com

About Carmen Mendez

Carmen Mendez is an engaging editor and political journalist with extensive experience. After completing her degree in journalism at Yale University, she worked her way up through the ranks at various major news organizations, holding positions from staff writer to editor. Carmen is skilled at uncovering the nuances of complex political scenarios and is an advocate for transparent journalism.

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