The NCDC reported 1,319 deaths from diphtheria in Nigeria, citing over 42,000 suspected cases. With significant challenges like low vaccination rates and testing capability, health officials warn of worsening conditions. Kano leads in confirmed cases while public health experts advocate urgent vaccination efforts, especially among children. Despite governmental assurances, implementation remains slow in improving response measures.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported that the ongoing diphtheria outbreak in Nigeria has resulted in 1,319 deaths. This information was released in the latest situation report from the National Diphtheria Emergency Operations Centre on Sunday. Diphtheria, a severe bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, primarily impacts the mucous membranes of the throat and nose and can cause serious complications, including breathing difficulties and heart failure.
Vaccination is essential for preventing diphtheria, and timely treatment with antitoxins and antibiotics is critical for managing the illness. Since 2022, the NCDC has recorded over 42,000 suspected cases across 37 states. The report, covering Epidemiological Week 10 of 2025, indicated ongoing challenges such as low vaccination rates, inadequate laboratory resources, and delays in case confirmation.
Kano State has been significantly affected, accounting for 75 percent of confirmed cases with 18,108 of 25,812 reported. Other states of concern include Bauchi, Yobe, and Katsina. The overall case fatality rate stands at 5.1 percent, with some states reporting higher mortality rates, such as Kaduna (48 percent), Plateau (83 percent), and Adamawa (80 percent).
In the most recent week, 23 new suspected cases were reported—20 in Lagos and three in Katsina—though none were confirmed yet. The NCDC noted that 56.5 percent of cases remain unclassified due to delays in laboratory confirmations. In response, the Federal Government has initiated reactive vaccination campaigns in high-burden areas and is engaging with community leaders.
Public health experts have raised concerns regarding late diagnosis and insufficient access to treatment, exacerbating high fatality rates. Despite the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI), only 19.3 percent of confirmed cases received the necessary diphtheria vaccine. Dr. Solomon Chollom, a medical virologist, underscored the urgent need for mass vaccination campaigns, particularly for children aged one to 14 years, who represent 62.9 percent of confirmed cases.
Another pressing issue is Nigeria’s limited diphtheria testing capacity, with most cases in 2024 confirmed based solely on clinical symptoms. This situation reflects a shortage of testing reagents and PCR capacity, leading to potential underreporting of disease prevalence. Although the government has committed to enhancing lab capacity and testing protocols, implementation has been sluggish.
The NCDC has urged for a nationwide diphtheria vaccination initiative, improved disease surveillance, and regular availability of diagnostic resources. Without significant advancements in vaccination and monitoring efforts, officials warn that Nigeria could face worsening diphtheria outbreak conditions. Proposed measures include strengthening case management support, harmonizing data across afflicted states, and launching public awareness campaigns. Preventive vaccination remains the primary defense against diphtheria, and parents are encouraged to ensure their children receive routine immunizations.
The NCDC’s alarming report highlights a critical public health crisis in Nigeria due to diphtheria, with substantial mortality rates and vaccination gaps. The primary challenges include insufficient immunization coverage and testing capabilities. Health authorities emphasize the necessity for immediate action, including enhanced vaccination campaigns and improved laboratory resources, to mitigate the ongoing outbreak. Active community engagement and public awareness are crucial for preventing further casualties.
Original Source: dailynigerian.com
