The 2024 World Air Quality Report reveals that Ghana, Nigeria, Chad, and Rwanda are among the most polluted countries globally, with Chad leading at 91.8 µg/m³ of PM2.5. The report highlights severe health risks associated with air pollution, causing 28,000 deaths annually in Ghana alone. This situation calls for immediate action to implement stricter regulations and improve air quality monitoring across Africa.
The 2024 World Air Quality Report reveals alarming pollution levels in Africa, with Ghana, Nigeria, Chad, and Rwanda ranking among the most polluted countries globally. The report indicates a growing air quality crisis that poses serious health risks to millions of people, as countries face increasing challenges related to pollution.
Chad ranks as the most polluted country, with a PM2.5 concentration of 91.8 µg/m³, significantly exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) annual guideline of 5 µg/m³. Following Chad, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Ghana are also listed prominently, recording PM2.5 levels of 40.1 µg/m³, 40.8 µg/m³, and 35.8 µg/m³, respectively. PM2.5 particles, being less than one-tenth the thickness of human hair, present severe health hazards as they penetrate the lungs and bloodstream, leading to serious diseases.
The impact of air pollution is stark, with the University of Chicago’s AQLI data indicating that it reduces life expectancy by 2.7 years in affected areas. In Ghana alone, it is estimated that 28,000 individuals die annually due to pollution, which translates to a tragic loss of one life every 19 minutes. The global toll is similarly horrific, with air pollution attributed to 8.1 million deaths each year, or approximately 22,192 daily. The report warns that without intervention, the situation will worsen, potentially resulting in thousands of additional fatalities.
Ghana faces an escalating pollution issue, with a PM2.5 reading now seven times higher than WHO’s safe limit. Accra ranks as the 16th most polluted capital city, while Kumasi has emerged as the most polluted city in Ghana, registering 39.5 µg/m³. Over the past three years, pollution levels have notably increased, with Ghana moving from being the 27th most polluted country in 2022 to the 14th in 2024.
The report indicates that five of the top ten most polluted countries are located in Africa, and highlights the severe lack of air quality monitoring across the continent, with only 24 countries reporting relevant data. Despite this, the situation is dire, as 34% of African cities emphasize PM2.5 levels significantly exceeding WHO guidelines.
The crisis in Ghana represents a public health emergency, as WHO estimates indicate that the current trajectory might see at least 2,333 monthly deaths due to air pollution. As emissions soar, industries remain under scrutiny to improve air quality. The Clean Air Fund projects economic losses of up to $137.8 billion by 2040 if pollution remains unaddressed. Moreover, while 17% of global cities meet WHO air quality guidelines, pollution levels continue to rise particularly in African urban centers.
Factors contributing to Africa’s pollution crisis include rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrial emissions. In Kinshasa, for instance, PM2.5 levels rose by 40% due to industrial activities. Alarmingly, non-governmental organizations now provide the majority of air quality data, marking a significant shift in monitoring responsibilities from governmental bodies.
With Ghana now classified among the top 15 most polluted countries worldwide, experts advocate for immediate policy changes. Recommendations include enforcing stricter vehicle emissions regulations, investing in renewable energy, enhancing air quality monitoring, and prohibiting hazardous burning practices. The need for swift action to combat pollution has never been more urgent, as failure to do so may exacerbate the public health crisis in the years to come.
The 2024 World Air Quality Report illustrates the alarming levels of air pollution in several African nations, particularly Ghana, Nigeria, Chad, and Rwanda. With significant health risks and economic implications, urgent action is required to address this crisis. Enhancing regulatory frameworks, investing in clean energy, and improving air monitoring are crucial steps needed to safeguard public health and uphold environmental standards.
Original Source: www.myjoyonline.com
