The Fatemiyoun and Zainebiyoun brigades, Iranian proxy forces in Syria, played a pivotal role in the civil war but have recently abandoned their posts amidst anti-Assad rebel offensives. With their future uncertain, Iran is expected to retain and potentially restructure these forces, maintaining their strategic importance in the region as traditional allies face setbacks.
The situation regarding Iranian proxy groups in Syria, specifically the Fatemiyoun and Zainebiyoun brigades, has evolved significantly following recent anti-Assad rebel offensives. Originally established as part of Iran’s “Axis of Resistance” to defend the Assad regime, these groups initially included Afghan Shiites and Pakistani fighters. At their peak during the Syrian civil war, they played a critical role in reclaiming territories from the Islamic State, notably in Palmyra and Aleppo. However, with rebels surging in recent weeks, many members reportedly abandoned their positions, leading to uncertainty about their future.
Iran, despite these setbacks, is unlikely to disband these forces. Analysts suggest that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) will continue to utilize and possibly reconfigure them, particularly as they can no longer rely as heavily on traditional allies like Hezbollah. The ongoing needs of Iran’s strategic objectives in the region necessitate the retention of such forces, especially in light of recent conflicts involving Hamas and Hezbollah.
The origins of the Fatemiyoun and Zainebiyoun brigades trace back to the early years of the Syrian conflict when the rise of IS posed a threat to the Assad regime and Shiite religious sites. The Fatemiyoun was initially formed in 2012, primarily consisting of Afghan volunteers, while the Zainebiyoun was established as a separate force comprised of Pakistani fighters. The IRGC played a substantial role in their establishment, utilizing various incentives to recruit fighters from underprivileged backgrounds, combining financial rewards with ideological motivations.
Throughout the Syrian civil war, both brigades were instrumental in several key confrontations, working closely with the Syrian military. Despite suffering considerable casualties, their effectiveness as a supporting force for the Assad regime was noted across various sectors of the country. As the civil war progressed and the Assad regime regained control, estimates indicated several thousand members were still active.
Following recent rebel advances, reports suggested large swathes of these forces deserted their posts, leading to deserted bases and operational failures. Analysts have observed the absence of significant resistance from these groups, contrasting sharply with previous conflicts. The fate of these fighters remains unclear, although speculation includes potential evacuation to Iran or relocation within the region.
The Fatemiyoun and Zainebiyoun represent critical elements of Iran’s military strategy in the Middle East, fulfilling roles that are increasingly vital amidst the shifting landscape of alliances and hostilities. Understanding their trajectory will be essential for assessing Iran’s influence in the region moving forward.
The Iranian proxies in Syria, chiefly the Fatemiyoun and Zainebiyoun brigades, were cultivated by Iran as part of its broader strategy to support the Assad regime amidst the Syrian civil war. Their formation was a direct response to the threats posed by the Islamic State as well as the necessity of bolstering Shiite defense efforts in the region. Over the years, they garnered significant numbers and played pivotal roles in crucial combat scenarios against IS forces. However, their recent decline raises questions regarding their operational viability and future within the Iranian military framework.
In conclusion, the fate of Iranian proxy groups in Syria, particularly the Fatemiyoun and Zainebiyoun brigades, is cast in uncertainty following recent military developments. While these forces were integral to Iran’s strategy during the Syrian civil war, their recent desertion under pressure from advancing rebels poses significant questions regarding their future role. Iran’s need for these groups remains, suggesting potential restructuring efforts may occur to keep them active in defense of its interests in the region.
Original Source: www.voanews.com
